Pubs

There is much folklore about Eversholt pubs, and some misconceptions. Some published records seem to contain mistakes. This page and those for the individual pubs are an attempt to penetrate the thickets of misinformation. This page is just an overview describing sources, while the individual pub pages go into more detail.

From 1830 until at least 1869, there was a distinction between a pub, licensed to serve spirits, and a beer house, licensed to serve only ale. It’s explained at Wikipedia. Opening a beer house was very easy, so it’s likely that some of the “pubs” in Eversholt were actually just people’s homes licensed as beer houses. Beer houses in use in 1869 could continue as beer houses indefinitely, although some did convert to pubs. No new beer houses were created after 1869.

The sources for these pages here are

  • The 1765 Map and Field Book.
    The Field Book is a handwritten document telling who owns which property marked on the map. Very comprehensive!
  • The 1806 Enclosure map and Field Book.
    Again the Field Book is (as well as a complicated legal document) a list of who owns what. The quality of the map is not as good as the 1765 map.
  • Trade Directories from 1847 on.
    Frustratingly, the trade directories give no maps, no street numbers, and often no house names for the pubs. When directories were popular, pubs were divided into Public Houses (licensed to sell all alcohol) and Beer Shops (licensed to sell only ale). The practice in the directories seems to have been to list the names of only the public houses, and to list the beer shops only with the name of the road and the proprietor. This applies even for beer shops that have been long established, such as the Six Bells. Further confusion occurs when a proprietor moves from one establishment to nother, which sometimes happened.
  • Newspapers from the wonderful British Newspaper Archive.
    Clippings are reproduced here, but you can see the full papers in glorious detail for free at Bedfordshire libraries.
  • Census data from Ancestry.com. Again, this is available for free at our libraries.

 

Here is a version of the Parish path Map annotated with the position of some of the pubs. Exactly which house was The Pheasant isn’t clear, but it is one of the buildings in the plot marked. Click for a much bigger version.

map6e-with-pubs


Richard Ireland and Wendy Featherstone, in their splendid Odds and Ends book about the village, give this list:

There have been, at one time or another, many public houses in Eversholt. About Eversholt records a list dating from 1765, and Kelly’s Directory records others.
• ‘The Green Man’ – Church End (named ‘Go Further, Fare Worse’ in 1765)
• ‘The Red Lion’ – Witts End
• ‘The Pheasant’ – Tingrith Road (Kellys 1940)
• ‘The Falcon’ – Tingrith Road (Kellys 1940)
• ‘The Eight Bells’ (where Wakehams now is)
• ‘The Cherry Tree’ – Berry End (remembered by Ralph Evans) |
• “The Swan’ (Kellys 1910)
•  ‘The Roebuck’ – Hills End (Kellys 1885)
• ‘House of the Last’ – Kettle End (1765)
• ‘Sign of the Six Bells’ – Potters End (1765)
•  ‘The Sign of the Boot’ – Higher Berry End (1765)
There were also two beer retailers in Church End (Kellys 1885)

The About Eversholt record they quote is issue 23, October 1991, page 7:

screen-shot-2016-12-07-at-08-25-59

We already have the sources for these lists here. The 1765 document has to be the Field-Book associated with the 1765 map. And the Directories are mostly available here too.

Odds and Ends alleges that there was a pub named The Swan listed in the 1910 Kelly’s Directory. I have to say I can’t see a Swan at all anywhere in that listing, so I think this is imaginary, I’m afraid.

There is quite a bit of confusion about these various lists, so it is worth trying to correct some misunderstandings.

Looking at the Field Book for the 1765 map, which says who owns what, these (alleged) pubs are listed:

Section No Owner Occupier Description A R P Owner Jan 1795

G

11

Feoffees Hanah Barton Public House called ‘Go Farther and Fare Worse’, brewhouse, orchard

1

12

Feoffees

G

17

Francis Cook Wm Smith House, sign of the Six Bells, garden

1

15

representative of Francis Cook

G

5

Smith, Will (of Church End) Thomas Hattam House, sign of the Red Lyon, yard, garden

36

representative of J Gregory

E

46

William Ralph William Ralph House, formerly sign of the Last at Kettle End, orchard, fieldway

3

24

Thomas Butler

B

1

Roger Chappell Roger Chappell Dwelling house, sign of the Roebuck; part of stable courtyard

5

John Goodman

M

23

Edward Poulton Edward Poulton Falcon ale House, yard, garden, lower Rads End

1

8

Elis Poulton

T

27

Joan Houghton Joan Houghton House, sign of the Boot, orchard at Lower Berry End

3

4

representative of J Gregory

In this table, the “section” and “No” columns refer to the index numbers marked on the 1765 map. “ARP” are the land area in acres, rods and perches. It’s not clear where the “owner 1795” data comes from.

Only two of these are unequivocally listed as pubs, the Falcon and the “Go Further and Fare Worse”. The others, although they have signs traditionally associated with pubs, are not really clear. Even one of those had “formerly sign of the Last” so may have ceased to be a pub in 1765, if it was one earlier.

For more details on all of these, please see the subpages.

 

 

Leave a comment for publication